mixed material bibliography China China Medical University 2025 monographic Volume 20, Issue 5 2025 id Indonesia

Jurnal

a b s t r a c t Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate. Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions, especially cancer. Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs, their therapeutic applications (such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies, including vaccines), diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers, ongoing EV-based clinicaltrials, and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy. Exosomes Immunotherapy Extracellular vesicles PERPUSTAKAAN SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN SAMARINDA REPOSITORY JIN0128 Perpus.Akfarsam (Jurnal Farmasi Internasional) 615 ASI Volume 20, Issue 5 2025 Volume_20%2C_Issue_5.jpeg.jpeg 2345 2026-07-10 12:58:08 2026-07-10 13:01:18 machine generated