The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Volume 153 Issue 2 2023

Title	The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Volume 153 Issue 2 2023
Edition	Volume 153 Issue 2 2023
Call Number
ISBN/ISSN
Author(s)
Subject(s)	Clinical Nutrition
Classification
Series Title
GMD	Karya Tulis Ilmiah
Language	Indonesia
Publisher	2023
Publishing Year
Publishing Place	Amerika
Collation
Abstract/Notes	Background: The US Dietary Guidelines (USDG) form the basis of nutrition guidelines, but the research informing the 3 USDG dietary patterns (Healthy US-Style [H-US], Mediterranean [Med], and vegetarian [Veg]) has been drawn largely from observational studies among White populations. Objectives: The Dietary Guidelines 3 Diets study was a 3-arm, 12-wk randomly assigned intervention among African American (AA) adults at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus that tested the 3 USDG dietary patterns. Methods: The AAs (ages 18–65 y, BMI 25–49.9 kg/m2 , and BMI was measured in kg/m2 ) with 3 type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors were recruited. Weight, HbA1c, blood pressure, and dietary quality (healthy eating index [HEI]) were collected at baseline and 12 wk. In addition, participants attended weekly online classes that were designed using material from the USDG/MyPlate. Repeated measures, mixed models with maximum likelihood estimation, and robust computation of standard errors were tested. Results: Of the 227 participants screened, 63 were eligible (83% female; age 48.0 10.6 y, BMI 35.9 0.8 kg/m2 ) and randomly assigned to the Healthy US-Style Eating Pattern (H-US) (n 1⁄4 21, 81% completion), healthy Mediterranean-style eating pattern (Med) (n 1⁄4 22, 86% completion), or healthy vegetarian eating pattern (Veg) (n 1⁄4 20, 70% completion) groups. Within-group, but not between groups, weight loss was significant (2.4 0.7 kg H-US, 2.6 0.7 kg Med, 2.4 0.8 kg Veg; P 1⁄4 0.97 between group). There was also no significant difference between groups for changes in HbA1c (0.03 0.05% H-US, 0.10 0.05% Med, 0.07 0.06% Veg; P 1⁄4 0.10), systolic BP (5.5 2.7 mmHg H-US, 3.2 2.5 mmHg Med, 2.4 2.9 mmHg Veg; P 1⁄4 0.70), diastolic blood pressure (5.2 1.8 mmHg H-US, 2.0 1.7 mmHg Med, 3.4 1.9 mmHg Veg; P 1⁄4 0.41), or HEI (7.1 3.2 H-US, 15.2 3.1 Med, 4.6 3.4 Veg; P 1⁄4 0.06). Post hoc analyses showed that the Med group had significantly greater improvements in HEI compared to the Veg group (difference 1⁄4 10.6 4.6; 95% CI: 19.7, 1.4; P 1⁄4 0.02). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that all 3 USDG dietary patterns lead to significant weight loss among AA adults. However, none of the outcomes were significantly different between groups. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04981847. Keywords: diet patterns, diet quality, African American, dietary Guidelines, weight loss, type 2 diabetes, hypertension
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