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Title Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal of Research in Pharmacy Journal of Research in Pharmacy 2024 , Vol 28 , Issue 2
Edition 2024 , Vol 28 , Issue 2
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ISBN/ISSN
Author(s)
Subject(s) Skin whitening
Total phenolic content
Sun protection factor (SPF)
phenolic compounds
Classification
Series Title
GMD Karya Tulis Ilmiah
Language Indonesia
Publisher marmara University
Publishing Year 2024
Publishing Place
Collation
Abstract/Notes ABSTRACT: In this study, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and sun protection factor (SPF) values of 26 extracts obtained
from 24 plants naturally grown in the Marmara Region were investigated, and phenolic compound characterization of 8
active plants was performed. All of the plants mentioned in this study have been evaluated for their Sun Protection
Factor (SPF) values for the first time, as well as 3 of them evaluated for antioxidant activity and 15 of them evaluated for
tyrosinase inhibition for the first time. The results showed that the plant extracts generally exhibited high antioxidant
activities. In terms of DPPH radical scavenging activity, Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay exhibited a very close IC50 value (0.038
mg/mL) to the standard compounds, ascorbic acid and quercetin. Plantago major L. subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange
demonstrated the highest CUPRAC radical scavenging activity (0.187 mM ascorbic acid equivalent).
Hypericum perforatum L. was determined to have the highest total phenolic content (0.268 mg GAE g/extract). Among the
plant extracts, Sambucus ebulus L. fruit extract exhibited the highest tyrosinase inhibition (IC50 0.08 mg/mL), showing a

similar effect to the standard compound kojic acid. The extract with the highest SPF value was calculated Inula oculus-
christi L. extract, with a value of 28.55. The phenolic compound analysis of eight plants, which have been determined to

exhibit high efficacy in both antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition, was conducted. Some of phenolic
compounds obtained from these eight plants were novel for these species. According to the experiments conducted in
this study, Euphorbia helioscopia has high potential as natural sources of antioxidants and skin whiteners.

KEYWORDS: Skin whitening; Total phenolic content; Sun protection factor (SPF); phenolic compounds.
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